RHCE COURSE 133
Unit 1: Overview
 Initial Installation
 Preparing the Computer
Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux in Graphical Mode
Hardware Overview
Kernel Support
User Mode Access to kernel facilities
CPU and Memory
Seven Supported Architectures
CPU support on x86
Memory support on x86
Preparing to Install
Read the RELEASE-NOTES file
Check Hardware Compatibility
Multiboot system
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the GRUB bootloader can coexist with other operating system
Two major issues arise when implementing multiboot systems
Device Node Examples
Block Devices
Character Devices
Symbolic links
The RHEL Installer
First Stage Installer Images
Second Stage Installer
Installer Features
noprobe and kickstart modes available
mediacheck tests media integrity
Multiple Interfaces
RHEL Installation Overview
Partitioning Hard Drives
Sample Partition Structure
Configuring File Systems
Must select mount points, partition sizes, and file system types in the installer
There are many layouts which may be used
Software RAID
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
Install-time RAID levels
LVM: Logical Volume Manager
Network Configuration
Can configure each NIC independently
Firewall Setup
Firewall configuration enables you to block remote machines from accessing network services on your machine
Choice of two settings: “Enabled” and “No Firewall”
Can allow access to arbitrary services
Security Enhanced Linux
Access control determines what actions processes can perform on what objects
SELinux Installation Options and Control
Installation options
Package Selection
Package Selection
Validating the Installation
dmesg and /var/log/dmesg
/var/log/messages
/root/install.log
noprobe Mode and Driver Disks
Method for supporting hardware newer than the install program
Used at install time for less common hardware
Prompt for Driver Disk
Post-Install Configuration
Setup Agent ( firstboot )
system-config-* configuration tools
Unit 2: System Initialization and Service s
Boot Sequence Overview
BIOS Initialization
Peripherals detected
Boot device selected
First sector of boot device read and executed
Boot Loader
GRUB and grub.conf
GRUB – the GRand Unified Bootloader
/boot/grub/grub.conf
Starting the Boot Process: GRUB
Kernel Initialization
init Initialization
init reads its config: /etc/inittab
Run levels
init defines run level 0-6, S, emergency
The run level is selected by either
Show current and previous run levels
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
/etc/rc.d/rc
Daemon Processes
A daemon process is a program that is run in the background, providing some system service
Two types of daemons
System V Script
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
Virtual Consoles
Defined in /etc/inittab
Accessed with Ctrl-Alt-F_key
/dev/ttyn : virtual console n
/dev/tty0 : the current virtual console
Default Red Hat Enterprise Linux configuration
Controlling Services
Utilities to control default service startup
Utilities to control services manually
System Shutdown
Shutting down the system
System Reboot
Rebooting the system
Unit 3: Kernel Services and Configuration
Kernel Modules
Modular kernel components
Controlling modules
Kernel Tainting
Kernel Module Configuration
Module examination: /sbin/modinfo
Module Configuration: /etc/modprobe.conf
Module Dependencies: modules.dep, depmod
Manual Control: insmod, rmmod
The /proc filesystem
/proc is a virtual filesystem containing information about the running kernel
Contents of “ files ” under /proc may be viewed using cat
Provides information
/proc subdirectories
The /proc/sys subdirectory allows administrators to modify certain parameters of a running kernel
/proc/sys configuration with sysctl
/proc/sys modifications are temporary and not saved at system shutdown
The sysctl command manages such settings in a static and centralized fashion
sysctl is called at boot time by rc.sysinit and uses settings in /etc/sysctl.conf
General Hardware Resources
dmesg and /var/log/dmesg
kudzu
hwbrowser
System Bus Support
PCI Bus
ISA BUS
Hotswappable Bus Support
top, gnome-system-monitor
vmstat
free
renice
kill
Unit 4: Filesystem Management
System Initialization: Device Recognition
Master Boot Record (MBR) contains
Disk Partitioning
An extended partition points to Additional partition descriptors
Total maximum number of partitions supported by the kernel
Why partition drives ?
Managing Partitions
Create partitions using
partprobe
Managing Data: File system Creation
mke2fs
Options
Journaling for ext2 filesystems: ext3
ext3 is essentially an ext2 filesystem that uses a journal for file transaction atomicity
ext3 filesystems can be created natively or easily converted from ext2
ext3 has three journaling modes
Managing Data: Filesystem Labels
Alternate way to refer to devices
Device independent
Managing Data: mount
Managing Data: mount options
Mount
-t
-o
Managing Data: Unmounting Filesystems
umount
A filesystem “ in use ” may not be unmounted
remount
Managing Data: mount, by example
Disabling execute access
Mounting a filesystem image
Managing Data: Connecting Network Resources
NFS
SMB
Managing Data: /etc/fstab
Managing Data: The Auto-Mounter
ext2/ext3 Filesystem Attributes
lsattr
chattr
Virtual Memory
Basic setup involves
swapon – s
Filesystem Maintenance
fsck
Filesystems checked at boot up
lost+found
Sulogin session started if errors are severe
Adding a Drive
Unit 5: Network Configuration
Device Recognition
Network Interfaces
mii-tool
ifconfig
ifup / ifdown
Interface Configuration Files
Configuration Utilities
Binding Multiple IP Addresses
DHCP / BOOTP
Global Network Parameters
Default Route
Static Routes
Name Resolution
DNS Client Configuration
DNS Utilities
Network Diagnostics
Unit 6: RPM and Kickstart
RPM Package Manager
The RPM Way
Installing and Removing Software
Updating a Kernel RPM
RPM Queries
RPM Verification
Other RPM Utilities and Features
Automatic Dependency Resolution
Red Hat Network (RHN)
Using Kickstart to Automate Installation
Kickstart: %packages
Kickstart: %pre, %post
Network Installation Server
Unit 7: User Administration
User Policy Considerations
The User Account Database - /etc/passwd
Adding a New User Account
User Private Groups
Group Administration
Modifying / Deleting Accounts
Password Aging Policies
Login Shell Scripts
Non Login Shell Scripts
Switching Accounts
Network Users
sudo
Authentication Configuration
Example: NIS Configuration
Example: LDAP Configuration
File Ownership
Linux File Permissions
SUID / SGID Executables
The Sticky Bit
The Setgid Access Mode
Default File Permissions
Access Control Lists ( ACLs )
Unit 8 — Printing and Administration Tools
CUPS Overview
CUPS Configuration Files
CUPS Queue Management
cron
Controlling Access to cron
System crontab Files
System Cron Job: tmpwatch
System Cron Job: logrotate
System Logging
syslog Configuration
Tape Drives
Using tar
Using dump/restore
Using cpio
Remote Backups
Unit 9 — The X Window System
XOrg: The X11 Server
XOrg Server Configuration
XOrg in runlevel 3
XOrg in runlevel 5
Remote X Sessions
Unit 10 — Advanced Filesystem Management
Software RAID Configuration
Software RAID Recovery
Converting LVM1 to LVM2
Creating Logical Volumes
Resizing Logical Volumes
The Linux Quota System
Unit 11 — Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Things to Check: X
Things to Check: Networking
Order of the Boot Process
Filesystem Corruption
Recovery Run-levels
Rescue Mode
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